DERIVATION OF CELLS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL

jaipreet singh asked: "can you please tell me the DERIVATION OF CELLS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL?"

Answer: I am posting here the simplified treatment to calculate the current in a circuit with combination of cells.

In this derivation it is assumed that all cells have the same EMF and same internal resistance.

CELLS IN SERIES

Consider n identical cells of emf E and internal resistance r connected in series across an external resistor of resistance R.



The total internal resistance = nr (since the internal resistances come in series)

The total resistance in the circuit = nr+R

The total emf = nE (since the emfs add up in series circuit)

Therefore, the current in the circuit;


PARALLEL COMBINATION OF CELLS

Consider m identical cells of emf E and internal resistance connected in parallel across an external resistor of resistance R.



The total emf in circuit = E (Since each cell has the same emf and they are in parallel)

The net internal resistance = r/m (since the cells are in parallel, their resistances are also in parallel. If m identical resistances are in parallel, the effective resistance is r/m)

The total resistance in circuit = R + r/m

Therefore, the current in circuit;


MIXED COMBINATION OF CELLS

Consider a combination of m rows of n cells each. The emf of each cell is E and the internal resistance of each cell is r. This combination is connected across and external resistance R.



The total EMF = nE

The net internal resistance = nr/m

The total resistance in circuit = R + nr/m

The current in circuit;